Famba nepachiteshi chengarava pane chero nzvimbo yemazuva ano yekufambisa ngarava uye uchawana zvikepe apo chartplotter inoratidza data reinjini, autopilot inoverenga wind sensor, uye bhatiri rinoshuma mamiriro ayo ekuchaja kune chiratidziro chehelm - zvese pamusoro petambo imwe chete inofamba nepakati pechikepe. Tekinoroji iri shure kwekubatanidzwa ikoko iNMEA 2000®, iyo nzira yekutaurirana yave mutauro wakajairika wemagetsi emugungwa.
Gwaro iri rinotsanangura mashandiro anoita NMEA 2000 protocol: network yainoshanda nayo, meseji yainoshandisa, mashandisirwo anoitwa michina panetwork, uye zvinodiwa kuti lithium battery system ishande. Kunyangwe uri kuronga kugadzirisa electronics kana kutsanangura zvinodiwa pakutaurirana papurojekiti yeOEM battery, kunzwisisa protocol ndiyo nhanho yekutanga kuenda kune system iyo zvese zvine chekuita nezvimwe zvese.
Chii chinonzi NMEA 2000?
NMEA 2000 inzira yekutaurirana yakajairika inobvumira zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvemugungwa — zviratidziro, masensa, mainjini, uye masisitimu emabhatiri — kugovana data pane network imwe chete. Yakagadzirwa neNational Marine Electronics Association, yakavakirwa patekinoroji yeCAN bus (Controller Area Network) uye inobvumira michina kubva kuvagadziri vakasiyana kuchinjana ruzivo pasina waya yakagadzirwa pakati pemidziyo miviri.
NMEA 2000® chiratidzo chekutengeserana chakanyoreswa cheNational Marine Electronics Association (NMEA), sangano riri muUS rinogadzira nekuchengetedza mitemo yemagetsi emugungwa. Iyi nzira inotsanangura network inodhura zvishoma, inotungamira kumativi maviri, inotumira zvinhu zvakawanda, uye inogamuchira zvinhu zvakawanda: chero mudziyo une certification unogona kutumira nekugamuchira data, network inozvigadzirisa, uye hapana controller yepakati iyo zvese zvinoenderana nayo.
Pfungwa yekupedzisira iyoyo inokosha kupfuura zvainonzwika. Pa network yeNMEA 2000, kana mudziyo mumwe chete ukakundikana, wasara unoramba uchitaurirana. Enzanisa izvozvo netambo dzekare dzinobva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe, uko mudziyo mumwe chete waiwanzogara pakati pecheni yedata — uye kana mudziyo iwoyo ukakundikana, mudziyo wega wega zvichienderana nedata rawo waisviba.
Mukuita, varidzi vezvikepe nevagadziri vanoshandisa NMEA 2000 kuisa data rekufambisa, maparamita einjini, mazinga ematangi, masensa ezvakatipoteredza, uye - zvakanyanya - data rebhatiri pamusana mumwe chete, zvinoonekwa kubva pane chero chiratidzo chinoenderana chiri muchikepe.
NMEA 2000 vs NMEA 0183: Chii Chakachinja
NMEA 2000 isati yasvika, midziyo yemagetsi yemugungwa yaitaurwa nezveNMEA 0183, chirongwa chakatangwa muma1980. NMEA 0183 ichiri kuwanikwa pangarava dzakawanda, uye kunzwisisa musiyano uyu kunotsanangura chikonzero nei indasitiri iyi yakafambira mberi.
NMEA 0183 inzira yekutaura-taura-taura. Chishandiso chimwe chete — "mutauri" — chinotumira mitsara yeASCII pa4,800 baud (mhando ye38,400-baud inomhanyisa yakawedzerwa gare gare, kunyanya yedata reAIS rekutevera midziyo) kune mumwe kana kupfuura "muteereri." Muteereri anogona kungogamuchira kubva kumutauri mumwe chete, saka kubatanidza zviridzwa zvakawanda zvaireva ma multiplexers, buffers, uye wiring diagrams izvo zvakawedzera kurwadza nechinhu chimwe nechimwe chakawedzerwa.
NMEA 2000 yakatsiva modhi iyoyo ne network chaiyo:
| Chinhu | NMEA 0183 | NMEA 2000 |
|---|---|---|
| Magadzirirwo ezvivako | Kutaura zvakananga, munhu ari ega → vateereri | Network inodonhedzwa kakawanda, zvishandiso zvese zvinotaura uye zvinoteerera |
| Rutivi rwemuviri | Serial (RS-422/RS-232-style signaling) | Bhazi reCAN, peya yakamonyoroka yakasiyana |
| Kumhanya | 4,800 baud (38,400 high-speed variant) | 250 kbit/s |
| Rudzi rwedata | Mitsara yeASCII (mavara asingapfuure 82) | Mafuremu madiki ebhinari |
| Mwero wepasi rose | IEC 61162-1 | IEC 61162-3 |
| Kuwedzera mudziyo | Kushanda kwewaya itsva, inogona kunge iri multiplexer | Donhedza waya kumusana |
| Maitiro ekukundikana | Kukundikana kwemutauri kunotyora cheni | Network inoenderera mberi pasina node yakakundikana |
Matanho maviri aya haaenderane. Chishandiso cheNMEA 0183 hachikwanise kubatana netiweki yeNMEA 2000 zvakananga; kuiswa kwakasanganiswa kunoda mudziyo wekupinda unoshandura pakati pezviviri izvi. Kune zvivakwa zvitsva uye kugadzirisa, NMEA 2000 ndiyo sarudzo yekutanga - ndosaka masisitimu emabhatiri akagadzirirwa kushandiswa mugungwa achifanira kuwedzera kuataura.
Mashandiro Anoita Protocol: CAN Bus nePGNs
Pasi pechifukidziro, NMEA 2000 yakavakirwa paController Area Network (CAN) — tekinoroji yemabhazi yakafanana yakaratidzwa kwemakumi emakore muhurongwa hwemotokari nemaindasitiri — inomhanya pa250 kbit/s. Izvo NMEA 2000 inowedzera pamusoro peCAN isina kugadzirwa imhando yakajairika yekushandiswa inokanganiswa zvakanyanya neSAE J1939 (mhuri yekutaurirana inoshandiswa mumarori nemotokari dzinorema): mazwi akagovaniswa anotaurira mudziyo wega wega kuti mabyte ari pawaya anorevei chaizvo.
Mashoko iwayo akarongwa kuitaNhamba dzeMapoka eParameter (PGNs). PGN yega yega imhando yemeseji yakatsanangurwa: imwe PGN inotakura nzvimbo yeGPS, imwe inotakura RPM yeinjini, imwe inotakura kudzika kwemvura. Meseji dzinofamba seCAN frames dzichishandisa 29-bit identifier uye 8-byte data field; meseji dzakakura dzinokamurwa mumafuremu akawanda uye dzinounganidzwazve neanogamuchira. Nekuti mudziyo wega wega une certification unotsanangura maPGN nenzira imwecheteyo, Garmin display inogona kuverenga data kubva kuYamaha engine gateway uye third-party tank sensor pasina chero vagadziri ivavo vakabatana.
Kune masisitimu emabhatiri, boka rakati rePGN rinoita basa iri:
- PGN 127508 - Mamiriro eBhatiri: voltage, current, uye tembiricha yebhatiri
- PGN 127506 - DC Mamiriro Akadzama: mamiriro emhosva, mamiriro ehutano, uye nguva yasara
- PGN 127513 - Mamiriro Ekugadzirisa Bhatiri: ruzivo rwemagetsi, kemesitiri, uye kugona
Mamiriro ekunyevera neyambiro anofamba zvakasiyana, kuburikidza nemeseji yekuzivisa yenetwork (PGN 126983) — ndiyo nzira iyo bhatiri rinova nayo yambiro inooneka, inonzwika iri pamusoro pechinzvimbo pane mureza wakanyarara mukati mepaketi.
Kana sisitimu yekutarisira mabhatiri (BMS) kana gateway yebhatiri ikatumira maPGN aya kune network, chero chiratidzo chiri mubhodhi chinotsigira maPGN aya chinogona kuratidza voltage yepakiti, current draw, uye mamiriro ekuchaja - pasina kuwedzera skrini yekutarisa bhatiri rakasiyana pachigaro. Bhatiri rega rega rinopihwa nhamba yemuenzaniso, ndiyo nzira iyo network inosiyanisa bhangi repamba nebhatiri rekutanga uye inoaratidza zvakasiyana.
Iyi PGN layer ndiyo nzvimbo chaiyo iyo lithium battery electronics inosangana nemarine electronics, uye ndipo panobudirira kana kumira mapurojekiti ekubatanidza. BMS inoyera zvese asi isingatumire chinhu inoisa data rakarurama munzvimbo isina anogona kuiona; BMS inoshandisa mabhatiri ePGN inoita kuti data iroro rive chikamu chengarava.
NMEA 2000 Network Architecture
Panyama, network yeNMEA 2000 inotevera topology iri nyore uye yakasimba - uye kuomarara kwayo chinhu chinowanikwa, nekuti inoita kuti network dzigone kufanotaurwa.
[DHIAGRAMI YEKUTANGA PANO — topology yenetwork inoratidza musana, materminator, tambo dzekudonhedza, uye zvishandiso zvinosanganisira MFD, engine gateway, sensors, uye bhatiri re lithium rine BMS. Rugwaro rumwe: "NMEA 2000 network diagram ine bhatiri system yakabatana netambo yekudonhedza"]
Network yakavakwa nezvinhu zvina:
Musana wemusanandiyo tambo huru yekutakura zvinhu inofamba nemungarava. Mudziyo wese unobatanidza nayo; hapana mudziyo unobatanidza zvakananga kune mumwe mudziyo.
Zvinodzivisa kugumavhara magumo ese emusana. Kuratidza mabhazi eCAN kunoda kuti magumo ese etrunk asaonekwe - terminal inoshaikwa kana kuti yakapetwa kaviri ndiyo inowanzo kukonzera kusashanda zvakanaka kwenetwork.
Tambo dzedonhedzabatanidza mudziyo wega wega kumusana kuburikidza neT-connectors. Mutemo uyu unotsanangura hurefu hwakanyanya hwemusana nekudonha kwega kwega, izvo zvinochengetedza nguva yechiratidzo mukati mezvinodiwa sezvo network dzichikura.
Simba renetworkinopihwa nepamusana payo. NMEA 2000 cables inotakura simba rayo rekubatanidza network yemidziyo yakabatana, yakasiyana nemitoro mikuru yeDC yengarava.
Midziyo inoshandisa zvibatanidza zvemapini mashanu (zvinowanzova Micro-C) patambo yakakoswa yakavharika, ichishandisa differential signaling yekudzivirira ruzha — mukana wakanaka munzvimbo yakazara nema alternator, inverters, uye radio transmitters.
Pakuisa bhatiri, dhizaini iyi ine chimwe chinhu chinoshanda chakakodzera kuronga pachine nguva: nzira yekutaurirana yebhatiri inoda nzira yekudonhedza tambo kuenda kumusana, uye network ine mabhatiri akawanda inoda manhamba ayo emuenzaniso akagadzirirwa kuitira kuti bhangi rega rega rionekwe senzvimbo yakasiyana pazviratidziro.
Zvishandiso Zvinobatana neNMEA 2000 Network
Zvinenge zvikamu zvese zvemagetsi emugungwa zvino zvave kutakura neNMEA 2000 connectivity:
Zviratidziro zvemabasa akawanda (MFDs)ndivo vanoshandisa data re network — ma chartplotter nemidziyo yekuratidzira kubva kumakambani makuru emagetsi emugungwa vanoverenga maPGN voapa kune anoshanda. Pangarava zhinji dze MFD ndipo panoonekwa data rebhatiri.
Masuo einjinikushandura data reinjini yako pachako kune network, zvichiisa RPM, kuyerera kwemafuta, uye maalarm einjini pazviratidziro zvakafanana nezvimwe zvese.
Masensa— kudzika, mhepo, GPS, tembiricha, huwandu hwetangi, kuyerera kwemafuta — ndivo vagadziri vedata renetwork, imwe neimwe ichitumira seti yayo yePGN.
Maotopiloti nemaredhiyozvese zvinoshandisa data rekufamba uye, kana iri redhiyo dzeVHF dzine DSC (Digital Selective Calling), zvinoshandisa data re network GPS pakufona kwedambudziko.
Zvishandiso zvemabhatiri nemagetsindiwo ari kukura nekukurumidza. Mabhatiri anoongorora, mashunt, DC energy metres, uye masisitimu emabhatiri e-lithium ane maBMS electronics anokwanisa kutaurirana anotumira boka rebhatiri rePGN ratsanangurwa pamusoro apa, achishandura helm display kuita power management screen. Mashandisirwo anoitwa maMarine displays kuverenga nekududzira data rebhatiri re-lithium inyaya yakadzama zvekuti tinoifukidza mugwara rayo.Maitiro Emagetsi Emugungwa Ekuverenga Data reLithium Battery →
Kana uri kuongorora bhatiri re lithium rechikepe, kugona kutaurirana kunofanira kutariswa pamwe chete nehukuru hwebhatiri uye kubudiswa kwemvura - gwara redu rekusarudza bhatiri re lithium remugungwa rinopa ruzivo rwekuti tingariyera sei zvichienderana nezvimwe zvinodiwa.Gwaro Rekusarudza Bhatiri reMarine Lithium →
Chitupa uye Kutevedzera Mutemo
Chimwe chinhu cheNMEA 2000 chinoshamisa vatengi vazhinji: haisi nzira yakavhurika, yekushandisa-it-asi-zvisinei. NMEA 2000 imhando ine rezinesi, uye zvigadzirwa zvese zvinoverenga kana kutumira data reNMEA 2000 zvinofanirwa kuve zvakabvumidzwa pasi peChibvumirano cheRezinesi cheNMEA 2000 (kwakabva:NMEAKuongororwa kwezvitupa kunogona kuitwa nemugadziri achishandisa maturusi ezvitupa eNMEA kana nemumwe munhu wechitatu, uye mari yekupa marezenisi echiyero ichi inotarwa zvichienderana neindasitiri.
Chitupa chiripo nechikonzero chinoshanda: ndicho chinoita kuti vimbiso yekuti "chero mudziyo, chero rudzi" ishande pamwe chete ive yechokwadi. Chishandiso chine chitupa chakaratidza kuti chinotumira mameseji anodiwa nemazvo, chinopindura nemazvo zvikumbiro zvekutarisira network, uye hachikanganisi bhazi kune vamwe vese.
Kune vanovaka maOEM nevanobatanidza masisitimu, izvi zvine mhedzisiro yekuronga. Kana sisitimu yebhatiri inokwanisa kutaurirana yakagadzirwa kuita chikepe, chitupa idanho rakatsanangurwa munzira yechigadzirwa - nezvinodiwa zve hardware nesoftware zvakanyorwa - pane kufunga nezvekupedzisira. Ndiani anosimbisa kuti chii, uye kuti chigadzirwa chapera padanho ripi, inyaya yekugadzikiswa pakutanga kwepurojekiti. Tinofamba nekutarisa kuti maOEM groups anowanzo bata sei kubatanidzwa kwekutaurirana uye nzira yekusimbisa mugwaro redu rekubatanidza maOEM.Mashandisirwo Anoitwa MaOEM Kutaurirana kweNMEA 2000 →
NMEA 2000 uye Lithium Battery Systems
Mabhatiri eLithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) akachinja zvinogona kuitwa nemasisitimu emagetsi emugungwa — kugona kushandiswa kwakanyanya, kuchaja nekukurumidza, uye — kuburikidza nemagetsi ekugadzirisa mabhatiri aanotakura — data rakawanda riri mubhatiri. Asi data iroro rinongogadzira kukosha kana rasvika kumushandisi, uye pangarava ine magetsi ane network, nzira yakananga kuenda kumushandisi ndiyo network yeNMEA 2000.
Sisitimu yebhatiri re lithium inobata basa iri kuburikidza neBMS yayo kana kuburikidza negedhi rekutaurirana rinoshandura data reBMS kuita maPGN ebhatiri akajairwa. Kana yangosvika panetwork, mamiriro ekuchaja anoonekwa pachartplotter, mamiriro emagetsi mashoma anotanga maalarm ari pamusoro pechiso pane kuti anyarare mubhatiri, uye mabhangi akawanda emabhatiri anogona kutariswa padivi nepadivi kuburikidza nenhamba dzawo dzezviitiko.
Kune mapurojekiti ebhatiri akagadzirwa nemaoko uye eOEM, zvinodiwa pakutaurirana zvinofanirwa kusimba zvakafanana nezvinodiwa nemagetsi. Mibvunzo inosarudza kubudirira kwekubatanidza ndeiyi: Ndeapi maPGN anofanira kutumirwa nesystem? Ngarava ichaita mabhatiri mangani? Ko purojekiti inoda kubatana kwenetwork kana gateway architecture here? Chitupa chinobatwa padanho rebhatiri here kana kuti padanho remudziyo-system?
Chikwata cheinjiniya cheDALY chinotsigira kubatanidzwa kwekutaurirana kweNMEA 2000 kumapurojekiti emabhatiri emugungwa, nekushandurwa kweprotocol kuripo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neprojekiti. Kana uri kuronga purojekiti yebhatiri re lithium rakagadzirwa, govera rudzi rwechikepe chako, magadzirirwo ebhatiri, uye data raunoda kuratidza paRFQ (chikumbiro chekotesheni) - timu yedu yeinjiniya ichapindura nekurudziro yechirongwa chekutaurirana uye kotesheni. Kutsanangura seti yePGN, magadzirirwo emuenzaniso, uye nzira yekupa chitupa pakutanga ndiyo musiyano uripo pakati pekubatanidzwa kunowira panzvimbo uye kunoitwa patsva pakuedza kwegungwa.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Q1Chii chinonzi NMEA 2000 protocol?
NMEA 2000 yakavakirwa pahunyanzvi hwemabhazi eCAN (Controller Area Network), ine layer yakajairika yekushandiswa kwemvura inopesvedzerwa neSAE J1939. Nheyo yeCAN inopa network chaiyo uye kugadzirisa zvikanganiso; layer yeNMEA 2000 inotsanangura zvinorehwa nemashoko.
Q2NMEA 2000 yakafanana neCAN bus here?
Kwete. Bhazi reCAN ndiro tekinoroji huru ye network; NMEA 2000 i protocol standard yakazara yakavakirwa pamusoro payo. Midziyo miviri inogona kushandisa CAN asi isingakwanise kunzwisisana — Tsananguro dzemashoko ePGN dzeNMEA 2000 ndidzo dzinoita kuti pave nekushanda pamwe chete pakati pemidziyo yemugungwa.
Q3NMEA 2000 inomhanya nekumhanya kwakadii?
NMEA 2000 inoshanda pa250 kbit/s — nekukurumidza kanenge ka50 pane standard 4,800-baud NMEA 0183, uye inokurumidza zvakakwana kutakura data rekufambisa, injini, uye bhatiri rengarava yakajairika pamutsipa mumwe chete.
Q4Mabhatiri e lithium anogona kubatana ne network yeNMEA 2000 here?
Ehe. Sisitimu yebhatiri re lithium inobatanidza network kuburikidza neBMS kana gateway inotumira maPGN ebhatiri akajairwa — 127508 (Battery Status), 127506 (DC Detailed Status), uye 127513 (Battery Configuration Status) — zvichibvumira madhiraivha anoenderana kuratidza voltage, current, uye state of charge. Maitiro ekushandisa (native interface kana gateway) anotsanangurwa papurojekiti imwe neimwe.
- Tsamba yemagetsi:dalybms@dalyelec.com
Peji yechigadzirwa cheSmart BMS:https://www.dalybms.com/smart-bms/
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-25-2026
