Kuvhura Simba Rinodzokororwa neTekinoroji Yepamusoro Yebhatiri
Sezvo kuedza kwepasi rose kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuri kuwedzera, kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwemabhatiri kuri kubuda senzira huru yekubatanidza simba rinogona kushandiswazve uye kubvisa kabhoni. Kubva pakugadzirisa grid-scale storage solutions kusvika kumotokari dzemagetsi (EVs), mabhatiri echizvarwa chinotevera ari kutsanangura patsva kuchengetedzeka kwesimba uku achigadzirisa matambudziko makuru emutengo, kuchengetedzeka, uye kukanganisa nharaunda.
Kubudirira muBattery Chemistry
Kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yapfuura mumakemikari emabhatiri akasiyana kuri kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu:
- Mabhatiri eSimbi neSodium: Bhatiri reInlyte Energy rine iron-sodium rinoratidza kushanda zvakanaka kwe90% kuenda nekudzoka uye rinochengetedza kugona kwemagetsi anopfuura mazana manomwe, richipa nzvimbo yekuchengetedza simba rezuva nemhepo isingadhuri uye inogara kwenguva refu.
- Mabhatiri Akasimba: Nekutsiva maelectrolyte emvura anobvira neakasimba, mabhatiri aya anowedzera kuchengetedzeka uye kuwanda kwesimba. Kunyange hazvo zvipingamupinyi zvekukwanisa kukura zvichiripo, kugona kwawo mumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi—kuwedzera huwandu uye kuderedza njodzi dzemoto—kunochinja.
- Mabhatiri eLithium-Sulfur (Li-S): Nekuda kwekuti simba remagetsi rinopfuura lithium-ion, masisitimu eLi-S anoratidza tarisiro yekuchengetedza ndege negrid. Kuvandudzwa mukugadzira ma electrode uye kugadzira ma electrolyte kuri kugadzirisa matambudziko ekare akadai se polysulfide shuttling.
Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Ekuchengetedza Ruzivo
Pasinei nekufambira mberi, mari iri kubhadharwa pakuchera lithium mumigodhi yezvakatipoteredza inoratidza kuti pane zvinodiwa nekukurumidza kuti pave nedzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza nharaunda:
- Kubvisa lithium yechinyakare kunodya mvura yakawanda (semuenzaniso, mashandiro emvura yeAtacama muChile) uye kunoburitsa matani anopfuura gumi nemashanu eCO₂ patani yelithium.
- Vaongorori veStanford munguva pfupi yapfuura vakatanga nzira yekubvisa mvura nemakemikari, vachideredza kushandiswa kwemvura uye kuburitsa utsi uku vachivandudza kushanda kwayo.
Kukwira Kwemamwe Marudzi Akasiyana
Sodium ne potassium zviri kuwana simba rekushandisa sezvinhu zvinotsiva zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu:
- Mabhatiri eSodium-ion ikozvino anokwikwidzana ne lithium-ion muhuwandu hwesimba pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya, nePhysics Magazine ichiratidza kukura kwawo nekukurumidza kwemagetsi emagetsi uye nzvimbo yekuchengetedza grid.
- Masisitimu ePotassium-ion ane zvakanakira kugadzikana, kunyange hazvo kuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwesimba kuri kuenderera mberi.
Kuwedzera Nguva Yehupenyu hweBhatiri Kuti Uve Nehupfumi Hwakatenderera
Nemabhatiri eEV anoramba aine simba re70–80% mushure memotokari, kushandiswazve uye kudzokorodza kwakakosha:
- Zvikumbiro zveHupenyu hweChipiri: Mabhatiri emagetsi akarega basa anogadzira simba rekuchengetedza simba remumba kana rekutengeserana, zvichidzivirira nguva dzinodzokororwa.
- Kudzokorodza Zvinhu ZvitsvaNzira dzepamusoro dzakadai se hydrometallurgical recovery ikozvino dzinobvisa lithium, cobalt, uye nickel zvinobudirira. Asi ~5% chete yemabhatiri e lithium ari kushandiswazve nhasi, pasi pe99% ye lead-acid.
- Zvinhu zvinokonzera mitemo zvakaita semutemo weEU's Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) zvinoita kuti vagadziri vazvidavirire pakugadzirisa matambudziko emunguva yekupedzisira kwehupenyu hwavo.
Mutemo neKushandira Pamwe Zvinokurudzira Kufambira Mberi
Zvirongwa zvepasi rose zviri kukurumidzisa shanduko:
- Mutemo weEU weCritical Raw Materials Act unovimbisa kuti zvinhu zvinotengeswa zvinogara kwenguva refu uku uchikurudzira kudzokorodza zvinhu.
- Mitemo yezvivakwa yeUS inotsigira R&D, zvichikurudzira kudyidzana pakati pehurumende nemakambani akazvimirira.
- Tsvagiridzo dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sebasa reMIT pakuchengetedza mabhatiri uye tekinoroji yekuburitsa mabhatiri yeStanford, zvinobatanidza dzidzo nemaindasitiri.
Kuenda kuSisitimu Yesimba Rinoenderera Mberi
Nzira yekuenda ku-net-zero inoda zvinopfuura kuvandudzwa kwakawedzerwa. Nekuisa pamberi makemikari anoshandisa zviwanikwa zvinobudirira, nzira dzehupenyu dzakatenderera, uye kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese, mabhatiri echizvarwa chinotevera anogona kupa simba remangwana rakachena—kuenzanisa kuchengetedzwa kwesimba nehutano hwepasi rose. Sezvakataurwa naClare Grey muhurukuro yake yeMIT, "Ramangwana remagetsi rinoenderana nemabhatiri asina simba chete, asi anochengetedza nguva dzose padanho rega rega."
Chinyorwa chino chinosimbisa zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha: kuwedzera nzira itsva dzekuchengetedza zvinhu uku uchiisa kuchengetedzeka mune yega yega watt-awa inogadzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-19-2025
